Drugs Misuse By Young People - 2081 Words

Drugs misuse by young people is apparent in our society today as much as it was in the past. The broadening problem of drugs being easily available is something that is becoming a serious issue and must be addressed. This essay aims to explore the factors why young people are abusing drugs, the kind of illicit narcotics that are becoming increasingly popular and the environmental causes of drug abuse. This essay understands the misuse of drugs to be the habitual taking of a mind-altering narcotic, used recreationally and which has the power to become addictive. Not only can it have a severe impact on the user’s brain, but it can have a profound affect on the person’s family life and their interaction with people due to the control it can have over the mind. There is a drug classification system in the UK which was included in the Drug Misuse Act 1971 which splits illegal drugs into three classes. Class A drugs, are those that are most harmful and have severe penalties in courts of law. These include drugs such as heroin, cocaine and ecstasy. If caught in possession of large amounts of these drugs, you can be imprisoned for up to seven years. Class B drugs, which are classed by the Act as less harmful but still lethal, are drugs such as amphetamines, cannabis and ketamine. The latter was once Class C drug, however in February of this year it was reclassified due to the findings of Advisory Council on the misuse of drugs, which showed evidence of the severe psychological andShow MoreRelatedThe Purpose Of This Paper Seeks To Analyze The Effects1208 Words   |  5 Pagespaper seeks to analyze the effects of prescription drug abuse. In the first article identified the author seeks to identify the differences between peer and parent influenc e on the misuse of prescription drug as it relates to ethnicity. The second article to be investigation into prescription drug use misuse and drug problems as it pertains to motivational context. The third and final article seeks to education young adults on medical prescription drug use. A parent’s attitudes regarding substance useRead MoreEducation Is An Integral Part Of A Child s Upbringing785 Words   |  4 Pagesreducing aggressive, disruptive classroom behavior, a risk factor for adolescent and illicit drug abuse (SAMHSA, 2016). Similarly the focus group participants mentioned that Academia Education from K-12 grade needs to incorporate evidence-based programs in the academic curriculum in addressing alcohol and other drug use among the youth. NH young adults emphasized the importance of introducing substance misuse education in early school age from elementary while strengthening the current health curriculumRead MoreFood Addiction Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pagesf ood addiction/compulsive eating. A food addiction is obsessive-compulsive relationship people have with food. Eating food is both vital and important in our everyday lives to give our bodies the nutrients, vitamins and calories that it needs. â€Å"Compulsive overeating, also referred to as food addiction, is characterized by an obsessive-compulsive relationship to food† (Karim, 2012, p. 7, para. 2). When people overeat, they engage in episodes of uncontrolled eating and will often find themselves consumingRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol On The Consumption Of Alcohol1288 Words   |  6 Pagesor injury. There is, however, an issue with the misuse and abuse of alcohol in Australia across all age groups. This paper will discuss the use of alcohol in Australia broadly before focusing on the consumption of alcohol in the 16-29 year old age group. This essay will also discuss the impacts of alcohol consumption in the short term and the long term. As misuse and abuse of alcohol can cau se many health issues, psychologically and physically. Young adults between the ages of 16-29 years old areRead MoreP4: Explain How Two Examples of Legislations, Policies, Standards or Codes of Practice Have Influenced Health Provision896 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Reducing drugs misuse and dependence† and â€Å"Giving all children a healthy start in life† Reducing drugs misuse and dependence This policy was enforced because a statistic was made; that between 2011 and 2012, an estimated 8.9% of adults used an illegal drug. And 19.3% of young people aged between 16 and 24 also used an illegal drug. Drug misuse has a negative effect on the health, wellbeing and quality of life of too many people. It also drains public resources. Crimes related to drugs cost theRead MoreThe Aim Of This Chapter Is To Explore The Current Prevalence1238 Words   |  5 PagesThe aim of this chapter is to explore the current prevalence of substance misuse in the UK. The chapter aims to discover the prevalence of substance misuse, the character of individuals that misuse substances and the availability of substances on UK streets. The effects of this on individuals, families and community’s will be explored, as will the results this has on the UK prison population. We will end this chapter with a brief exploration of why individuals use substances, and why they becomeRead MoreSocial Evil15 17 Words   |  7 Pageslonger know or look out for one another, which left people feeling isolated, lonely and fearful – particularly the elderly and those who live alone. People also spoke of a decline of community in a more abstract sense, in terms of a lack of public spiritedness or social responsibility. Older people spoke about how different things used to be: While it was recognised that new kinds of communities were emerging (such as virtual or online communities) people felt these were an inadequate substitute for theRead MoreEffects Of Marijuana Abuse On The Health Of Teens Aged 13-19 Essay1684 Words   |  7 PagesPlant (2016) 36% of teenagers in the UK have taken illegal drugs at some point of their life. According to European School of Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs abuse (2016) teenagers in Britain are more likely to misuse drugs as compared to youngsters in Europe. This survey also found that 40% teenagers in UK has tried substance. Cannabis is found to be most common drug used by teens (Patton et al., 2002). Cannabis is a class B drug and is illegal in UK. Source of Cannabis is a flowering plantRead MoreAdhd : An Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder761 Words   |  4 Pages ADHD Stimulant Drugs What is ADHD? ADHD is an Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Any child can be sometimes inattentive, hyperactive or impulsive (www.library.iated.org). However, children with ADHD repeat these symptoms every day that have an impact at home and school. Children’s behaviors seem inappropriate for their age. These symptoms are present for at least six months at home, school, or with friends and affect a social or academic functioning. Also, these symptoms appear beforeRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse1483 Words   |  6 Pageswill be addressing is parents, caregivers and school educators about the dangers of prescription drugs and how we can better educate teenagers and young adults on the dangers of abusing them. There are many ways that we can teach and educate our teenagers and young adults, but it’s important that families, schools and communities are involved. The rate of prescription drug overdose among teenagers and young adults have sky rocketed over th e past several years. This has become a growing epidemic and if

Concert Report Essay - 454 Words

On June seventh at eight o’clock pm I attended a concert at Beneroya Hall. The concert was part of the Masterpiece series, performed by the Seattle Symphony and conducted by Hermann Michael; also including a special performance by the pianist Hà ©là ¨ne Grimaud. The performance included four pieces, two by Ludwig Van Beethoven, one by Maurice Ravel, and the last was by Richard Strauss. The two pieces by Beethoven were; Overture to The Construction of The House, and piano Concerto No. 4 in g major, Op. 58. The piece by Ravel was Pavane for a Dead Princess. Finally the last by Strauss was Death and Transfiguration. I truly enjoy going to the symphony, the music is quite a bit better than on any type of recording I have ever heard. The segment†¦show more content†¦She was so into the music, swaying around almost dancing over the keys. I’m not even sure if her eyes were open half the time. She just made the show. I also found out that I still have a lot to learn about music, because well after intermission it was enounced that there would be no break between the last two pieces. The last two pieces sounded a lot alike and I never noticed a real break between the two so I’m not sure when the Death and Transfiguration started and when Pavane for a Dead Princess ended. There must be a lot of differences between the two I just never could distinguish what they were. I will have to spend the rest of my life learning about music that no one else I know likes, and just go to concerts alone, and occasionally tune my radio to KING Fm. But that’s ok I will look forward to the challenge. During Intermission I’ll just have to strike up conversations about the pieces that were played in the lobby and in the line of the ladies restroom. (I think I figured it out, what you ask did I figure out, well the piece Overture to The Construction of The House Op. 124, what I’m referring to. I’m pretty sure that it was written about the time that the House of Lords in London was being rebuilt. Something about a devastating fire and then a huge design and construction competition over the new rebuild of The House. I even saw one of the designs on the Antique Road Show; it was a huge highly detailed painting that would completely cover aShow MoreRelatedConcert Report : Concert 753 Words   |  4 PagesMusic 21 Concert Report I went to a chamber music concert called Attravereso il Mare, on October 17 at 8 pm at Boston Court located in Pasadena. This project performs Italian-American songs which represent the Italian-American culture. My friend and I arrived 1 hour early, and people kept coming. Most of them are family and friends, and only few of them were coming alone, but they all had more concert experience than me because this was my first time attending any kind of concert. This concert was inRead MoreConcert Report On Music Concert1143 Words   |  5 PagesName Music32 Concert Report Professor Name 2015.6.2 Music Concert Report On Sunday, May10 2015, a concert was held in The Broad Stage. The concert was played by Santa Monica College Symphony Orchestra, whose conductor is Dr. James Martin. For this concert, I would identify myself as a referential listener at this concert. I say this becauseRead MoreConcert Report1222 Words   |  5 PagesSleeping Beauty Lauren Lehman On April 21, 2014 I watched the online performance of Sleeping Beauty performed by the Jacobs School of Music at the Musical Arts Center in Indianapolis. I have never personally been to the Musical Arts Center, but from the online streamed video, the place looks magnificently huge and phenomenal. The stage was absolutely stunning. It was big, vibrant, and breathtaking. It made it look as if you actually went back in time and were a part of the performance. TheRead MoreConcert Report690 Words   |  3 PagesThe concert that I attended was the Euclid quartet at the first Presbyterian Church. The church itself wasn’t very big but there was a lot of people there and it made it really hard to find a parking space. On the inside the church looked like any ordinary chapel. The large amount of people that were there were dressed very nice and once again I was under dressed. I did however notice more students at this one than I did at BVSO and they were also underdressed which made me feel better. The performersRead MoreConcert Report : Concert At Duke University Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesConcert Report The concert that I attended took place inside Nelson Music Room at Duke University. The room was on the smaller side but had balconies for people to sit so they could watch the performance from up high. The floors were carpeted and they had theater seats that folded back when the seats were done being used. The music room had a wooden stage towards the font-center of the room and the room itself was located on the bottom floor of the building. Most of the audience consisted of familiesRead MoreJazz History Concert Report On The Concert1638 Words   |  7 PagesJazz History Concert Report The date of the concert was October 5, 2016 and the title of the concert is â€Å"Experimental Improvisation with: Kjell Nordeson Peter Kuhn†. The concert was performed in Mesa College Music building. Peter Kuhn had three instruments with him a bass clarinet, saxophone, and a Bb Clarinet. He used the bass clarinet and the saxophone during his first piece, and the clarinet on the second piece. Kjell Nordeson was on the drum but had a lot of instruments with him. SometimesRead MoreConcert Report : Concert At Hostel Pangea970 Words   |  4 PagesConcert Report #1 Last Saturday I attended a small concert in Tijuana, Mexico. I went to a Jaeng Band concert at Hostel Pangea. Hostel Pangea is a small coffee and bar place located in Tijuana. It hosts events and workshops for all ages. It was not what I expected, since it was my first time in a punk/rock concert. I actually thought I would feel very uncomfortable and out of place, but not, it was a very friendly place, and all the people there were very nice and outgoing. It was a great experienceRead More Concert Report Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagesthis concert report I chose to go to a performance of student composers held at the Kimball Recital Hall. I chose this one because I wanted to see some of the talent that my peers have in the music realm, and also it was one of the only concerts I have been able to attend because I usually work at night. It was impressive to hear pieces composed by students. I cannot imagine creating something as complex as a musical composition, much less actually performing it, so this aspect of the concert wasRead MoreConcert Report Essay594 Words   |  3 PagesSpreckles Organ Society’s Organ Concert Dr. Carol Williams’s organ plays were just fantastic. Despite the fact that seeing the instrument called, â€Å"organ† was my first time, it was pretty impressive how that instrument worked. All the pedals and the three layers of keyboards were just as complicated as a calculus math problem. The concert was played at the Spreckels Organ Pavilion at Balboa Park. The surrounding was not too bad. Although the concert day was Sunday, it was quite crowded. BesidesRead Moreconcert report Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿McKenzie Maxwell Professor McDaniels MUSI 1306-303 22 October 2014 Concert Report One: Marion Anderson String Quartet Concert I chose the genre string quartet and attended a concert at First Presbyterian church on October 19th, 2014. Because of its location the sanctuary where the concert took place had many stained glass windows. It was marvelous and in my opinion well suited the feel of classical music. The audience was very responsive and attentive. They applauded when the musicians appeared

Forensic Toxicology and Dermal Sensitization †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Forensic Toxicology and Dermal Sensitization. Answer: As a toxicologist assigned to determine whether a novel chemical has the capability of dermal sensitization production, I will use the following steps to explain how I would test for dermal sensitization. In undertaking this task, I will also present an explanation for the model/test system I would further provide a brief description of how the test is run and how the results are interpreted. To undertake this assignment, I have chosen the Guinea Pig Maximization Model because it is easy to use and has been previously effective in testing the production of dermal sensitization. GPMT Overview At least ten animals are utilized in treatment cohort and a minimum of 5 animals are used in control cohort/twenty-test and ten-control animals. Induction is then undertaken originally on skin of shoulder area with 3 intradermal injections on day zero. Control animals also receive 3 intradermal injections, however, only vehicle is utilized in place of test substance. Five to seven days later animal skin is smeared with 0.50 mL of ten percent sodium-lauryl-sulfate in Vaseline. This painting is done to create a local irritation, twenty-four hours later, test substance is applied for 48 hours under occlusion (Varns et al., 2016)). Challenge is then undertaken on twentieth-twenty-second day with reapplication of patches for twenty-four hours and assessment of results done at 48 hours and 72 hours following challenge. Magnusson and Kligman grading scale is then utilized for evaluation. Zero equal no observable change, one equals discrete/patchy erythema, two equals moderate and confluent erythema while three indicates intense erythema and swelling. Aim: To establish the sensitizing prospective of a test article when it is dermally applied. The test conforms to the established OECD Guideline 406 and EPA-OCSPP 870.2600 standards. Principle: The contact dermal sensitization remains an immunological procedure whereby a host animal, via recurrent skin-exposure, needs a particular allergic-sensitivity to a substance. Guinea Pig Maximization (GPMT) model will have the contact dermal sensitivity being demonstrated as a surged erythema. Test Overview: The following sections generally details briefly how the Guinea Pig Maximization Model is used to undertake and interpret the dermal sensitization test and results respectively. Typical Testing Time: Approximately ten wees encompassing pre-test, central test and reporting times. Induction Stage: In the 1st induction stage, it will encompass a manifold intradermal injections to test using twenty animals. I will use an adjuvant (fifty percent Freunds Complete Adjuvant; FCA), the test article (TA) alongside the mixture of TA and FCA. I will administer the mixture to the dorsum (clipped free of hair) in duplicate 0.10-ml injections (Sato, Yuta Kusaka, 2017). I will select TA concentration that does not yield local ulceration/necrosis. The TA concentration I choose will also be free from systemic toxicity. I will then treat Ten Vehicle Group animals identically with an exemption of replacing vehicle for the TA. I will then examine the treated sites of every animal and score them at twenty-four-and forty-eight hours following the injections (Hamada, Bruze, Zimerson, Isaksson Engfeldt, 2017). After 7 days, I will apply the 2nd induction which is applied administered topically via the application of a TA-saturated two-centimeter by four-centimeter section of the Whatman No. one filter paper over the past already injected intradermal sites clipped free of hair for forty-eight hours as an obstructed exposure. I will tolerate TA concentration in the similar manner, however, this time using the vehicle. I will then examine the treated sites of every animal and score them at forty-eight hours following patch application. Challenge Phase: After the fourteenth day following the topical induction, I will topically challenge the animals in both Vehicle Group and TA Group over a twenty-four, occluded exposure. I will do this by applying a two-centimeter by 2-centimeter section of Whatman number one filter paper saturated with the uppermost non-irritating TA concentration on left flank. I will apply vehicle in similar manner as TA. And I will also apply patch to right flank of every animal. I will then examine and score the challenge sites after twenty-four hours and forty-eight hours following the removal of patch (Lewandowski Cohen, 2016). Interpretation: I will regard a score of one/greater than 1 for redness in the GPMT a positive response. I will determine sensitization prospective on the basis of proportion of the animals showcasing a positive reaction. A 6-animal screening study is appropriate in determination of the suitable induction (topical and intradermal) and challenge (topical) concentrations. References Hamada, H., Bruze, M., Zimerson, E., Isaksson, M., Engfeldt, M. (2017). Factors Affecting the Concentration of Diphenylmethane-4, 4-Diisocyanate in Freunds Complete Adjuvant. Can They Affect the Outcome of the Guinea-Pig Maximization Test?. Journal of Clinical Experimental Dermatology Research, 8(4). Lewandowski, T. A., Cohen, J. M. (2016). Skin sensitization risk assessment: Considering available data for weight of evidence assessments. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology: RTP, 82, 186-187. Sato, K., Yuta, K., Kusaka, Y. (2017). Skin Sensitization Model Based on Only Animal Data by Qualitative Structure-Toxicity Relationships (QSTR) Approach. In Allergy and Immunotoxicology in Occupational Health (pp. 93-101). Springer Singapore. Varns, K., Finnema, S. J., Stepanov, V., Takano, A., Tth, M., Svedberg, M., ... Halldin, C. (2016). Neurokinin-3 Receptor Binding in Guinea Pig, Monkey, and Human Brain: In Vitro and in Vivo Imaging Using the Novel Radioligand,[18F] Lu AF10628. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 19(8).

Symbolic Imagery and Theme of Morality in The Tale of Kieu.

Imagery is one of the strongest elements used in literature, and especially in poetry. It is one of the major means which is often used in order to develop the theme of the tale. There are many types of imagery used in the poetry: nature imagery, imagery of smell, view and hearing, weather imagery, etc. Symbolic imagery is one of the strongest means available to the authors too convey the message.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolic Imagery and Theme of Morality in The Tale of Kieu. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most commonly used elements of imagery are taken from nature. Indeed, the elements of nature have deep philosophical and cultural context, thus, they presents a great help to the writer when developing a particular theme. Moon imagery is often used in literature, especially in Asian, because moon is very symbolic and takes a very significant place in the Vietnamese life and culture. The story of Kieu is considered to be a masterpiece and it is well known to every Vietnamese. The author uses symbolic imagery of the moon in order to develop the theme of morality. This imagery explores the character of the main hero of the tale, Kieu, and moral choice that she faced. Using the moon, the author demonstrates the purity of the soul of the main character despite harsh conditions of her life. In particular, the author addresses symbolic imagery of the moon when talking about mental state of Kieu, her appearance and how she managed to remain the same girl as she was before the events. For Vietnamese, The Tale of Kieu became, â€Å"a kind of continuing emotional laboratory in which all the great and timeless issues of personal morality and political obligation are tested and resolved (or left unresolved) for each new generation† (Swensson n. p.). Thus, it is no wonder that the author uses the uses the imagery of the moon in order to explore the mental state of the main char acter in situations that she encounters in her life. First of all, the author refers to moon when describing the purity of Kieu’s first love, â€Å"The stark bright moon was gazing from the skies/ as with one voice both mouths pronounced the oath† (Du line 25). Moon is associated with the Keeu’s mood. The mood is bright, as well as the mood. We meet the image of the moon each time when Kieu is happy, or when the situation is positive. For example, when she comes back home after a long time, â€Å"the waning moon shines more than at its full† (Du 161). The girl is happy and the moon shines brightly. However, moon is a symbol of not a good mood only, but appears when the girl is sad, â€Å"An autumn night-through windows wafts of breez;/ high in the sky, a crescent moon, three stars.† (Du 85).Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moon is used to describe the appearance of the main character, as well as her sister Thuy Van. In Vietnam mythology, there is a goddess of the moon which is considered to be the icon of beauty. The girls are described as â€Å"her (Van) face of a moon, her eyebrows two full curves† (Du 3) and â€Å"She (Kieu) ought to rule the moon.† (Du 57). Van is beautiful as the mood, but Kieu is even more beautiful. She possesses the features of the Moon goddess which means, that she has the same qualities; that she is not only beautiful, but tender, graceful and gentle, with the same moral qualities. As it has already been mentioned, the nature imagery (moon) is used to develop a theme of the tale and address the moral issues. As the moon is associated with the main character, the author refers to Kieu when developing this theme. The girl was forced to meet difficult circumstances. Each time, the presence of the moon accompanied these dramatic events. We can see that regardless the â€Å"turns of fate† and harsh circumstances, the girl managed to remain the same personality that she was at the beginning when manifesting her pure feeling of love to Kim. She was forced to go against morality and sell her body, but her soul was guarded by the moon. Her actions were moral from the point of view of her intentions. Thus, we can conclude that moon preserved her morality and her soul remained as pure as the moon. The moon was a witness to her innocence. â€Å"We’ve had no chance to tie the marriage tie. / But it’s still there, the moon that we swore by:/ not face to face, we shall stay heart to heart† (Du 29). It can be considered that the author shows the immorality of the tale. Indeed, the girl’s actions were immoral, even when her intention was sincere. In this regard, the imagery is used to contrast the purity of the moon with immorality of the girl. However, the girl did a moral choice, and thus her actions are moral. The image of the moon at the end of the tale supports this. The image of the moon plays an important role in the tale. The author makes use of the moon imagery to develop the theme of the story and address moral issues. The image of the moon is used to describe the appearance, mental state and morality of the main character. It also helps in understanding of the problem of the Kieu’s moral choice. Thus, the author estimates that the girl managed to save her morality and the innocence of her soul regardless the circumstances she faced.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolic Imagery and Theme of Morality in The Tale of Kieu. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Du, Nguyen. The Tale of Kieu. Trans. Huynh Sanh Thong. New Haven: Yale University, 1983. Swensson, John. â€Å"Kim Trong and Scholar Ma Section†. Lecture by John Swensson, Oct. 1998. Web. This essay on Symbolic Imagery and Theme of Morality in The Tale of Kieu. was written and submitted by user C0tt0nm0uth to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Scandal in Fort Brag essays

Scandal in Fort Brag essays Captain of the football team, voted most popular and most likely to succeed in his graduating class, graduate of Princeton, Green Berets Doctor. These are the tings that characterize Jeffrey Macdonald accused and convicted of killing his Wife Collete who was with child and his two daughters Kimberly, five, and Kristen, two. They lived in Fort Brag, North Carolina where he was serving as a doctor. In the years following the death of his family more and more evidence has been collected and revealed linking him and others to the case. This to the best of my understanding is what happened on the night of February 16th, 1970 when everything came crashing down. It was a rainy and cold night on the base and the streets were quite in the neighborhood in which the family resided. Collete had returned home from a night class she was taking at the University of North Carolina extension on the base. When she got home she found her husband watching TV alone having put the girls to bed 40 minutes earlier after they had watched Laugh-In. Jeffrey and Collete drank some liqueurs in front of the television and as Johnny Carson came on Collete went to bed. Jeffrey how ever was not ready to turn in for the night so he watched the entire show and then continued to read a book he had started a couple weeks earlier. He was interrupted by his daughter Kristen to whom he gave a bottle of chocolate milk and put back to bed. Around 2 oclock he finished the novel and did the dishes before heading towards the master bedroom to go to sleep. He found his daughter Kristen sleeping next to her mother, he also saw that she had wet the bed. He carried Kristen to her own room and not wanting to disturb his wife, took a blanket from the closet and went to sleep on the couch instead of changing the sheets. Eyes open! Collete was screaming, Help me Jeff. Help me Jeff (McGinniss 27) and his daughter Kimberly yelling, Daddy, Dadd...

Account for the Development of Public Health Reforms in the 19th Century and Assess Their Role in Improving the Populations Health by the Early 20th Century Essays

Account for the Development of Public Health Reforms in the 19th Century and Assess Their Role in Improving the Populations Health by the Early 20th Century Essays Account for the Development of Public Health Reforms in the 19th Century and Assess Their Role in Improving the Populations Health by the Early 20th Century Essay Account for the Development of Public Health Reforms in the 19th Century and Assess Their Role in Improving the Populations Health by the Early 20th Century Essay OOO o 233,000, of Glasgow from 77,000 to 345,000, of Liverpool from 82,000 to 376,000 and of Manchester from 75,000 to 303,000 (Alcock,Daly,Griggs,2008) Small areas of habitation grew quickly until they grew into the major cities. Birmingham and Sheffield became famous for their manufacturing trades. London, Liverpool and Bristol grew because of the docks, railways and canals that enabled goods to be exported. The unprecedented numbers of people moving to, and indeed creating these towns and cities meant that housing solutions needed to be found very quickly; to this end some factory owners built accommodation for their workers, hese would be built close to the factories so that the workers could easily be called to work by the factory bell, as most workers did not have their own clocks. As the factory owners were motivated primarily by profit, and tended to view workers as Just another resource accommodation was often constructed to the lowest possible standard. Salford, once more important than Manchester, was then the leading town of the surrounding district to which it still gives its name, Salford Hundred. Hence it is that an old and therefore very unwholesome, dirty, and ruinous locality is ouses could be extremely basic with communal toilets and without running water, and with no arrangements made for the disposal of human waste. Over-crowded, ill-drained, badly-ventilated, and miserable abodes which line the narrow lanes and filthy alleys abounding in most large town (Roberts, 1855) With the numbers of people moving to the towns and cities there could not be enough houses built to cope with demand; in these cases people would be forced to live in cellars and other unsuitable dwellings, often alongside other families and even animals. It often appens that a wh ole Irish family is crowded into one bed; often a heap of filthy straw or quilts of old sacking cover all in an indiscriminate heap, where all alike are degraded by want, stolidity, and wretchedness. Often the inspectors found, in a single house, two families in two rooms. All slept in one, and used the other as a kitchen and dining-room in common. Often more than one family lived in a single damp cellar, in whose pestilent atmosphere twelve to sixteen persons were crowded together. To these and other sources of disease must be added that pigs were kept, nd other disgusting things of the most revolting kind were found. (Engels, 1844) Although the boom in housing created problems with the removal of human waste, however this had been a feature of urbanised areas for some time before the industrial revolution; as Samuel Pepys recorded in a diary entry for 20th October 1660, Going down to my cellar I put my feet into a great heap of turds, by which I find that Mr Turners house of office is full and comes into my cellar (Halliday, 2007) With the problem of waste disposal and over-crowding in squalid conditions came he inevitable increase in diseases. In one place we found a whole str eet following the course of a ditch, because in this way deeper cellars could be secured without the cost of digging, cellars not for storing wares or rubbish, but for dwellings for human beings. Not one house of this street escaped the cholera. (Engels, 1844) There had always been disease in the towns and cities, however, with the increased population it spread faster than at any other time, and there seemed no way to halt its progress. There were many diseases that flourished in these environments, ncluding Influenza, Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Typhus, and the most feared at the time, Cholera. Again, the repeated visitations of cholera, typhus, smallpox, and other epidemics have shown the British bourgeois the urgent necessity of sanitation in his towns and cities, if he wishes to save himself and family from falling victims to such diseases. (Engels, 1844) During this century, medical science advanced at hitherto unprecedented speed, and more people than at any other time entered t he medical profession, In the first half of the century the medical world was raising the xpectation that treatment of the body could become as exact a science as knowledge of the body. Throughout the land, much money and energy was being devoted to medical care and its study. Between 1801 and 1850 more university- educated men entered the profession in Great Britain (over eight thousand) than in all of previous history. (Haley 1978) However, there was still a lot to be learned about the nature of disease, and the causes of epidemics were poorly understood. The theory of miasma (the belief that disease was spread by smell and foul air) was still popular as an explanation of how diseases were spread. Cholera was greatly feared being a water-borne disease, attacked all, notably the middle classes with their better water supplies and struck fear into the hearts of the governors, local and national. The response to the outbreak of infectious disease varied from town to town, however police in Manchester responded to one outbreak of Cholera, by evacuating and disinfecting the area. The first court below Ducie Bridge, known as Allens Court, was in such a state at the time of the cholera that the sanitary police ordered it evacuated, swept, and disinfected with chloride of lime. (Engels, 1844) Towards the end of the century, Britain was involved in conflicts around the world in order to defend her empire from the emerging powerhouses of Japan and Germany who were keen to forge their own empires and trading routes. In 1899 conflict erupted between the British and the Boers, being the South African descendents of Dutch settlers. The Boer army turned out to be well prepared, well trained and provided with enough food and provisions to defend themselves for three years, whilst the British, having believed that the war would be quickly over, were nowhere near as well-prepared. The Boer war highlighted a serious problem for the forces, specifically that the recruits being called upon to defend the nation, being largely drawn from poverty-stricken areas where the conditions discussed above were rife, were often weak and of poor health. At that time, it became apparent that there were serious problems with public health in Britain: up to 40% of recruits in Britain were unfit for military service, suffering from medical problems such as rickets and other poverty-related illnesses. 80% of men presenting for service in the Boer War were found by the Army Medical Corps to be physically unfit to fght. wrww. forces- war-records. co. uk) The realisation that the population had become too weak to defend the nation, alongside the increasingly common outbreaks of disease arising from cramped, unsanitary living conditions of workers led to the Report of the Interdepartmental Committee into Physical Deterioration in 1904, which called for changes to be made to ensure the nations health did not deteriorate further than it already had. In the 1906 general election the Liberal Party gained power after an extensive period of Conservative government and immediately embarked on a series f Acts to improve the health of the nation. These included the provision of free school meals in 1906, health checks for school children in 1907, the Notification of Births Act in 1907 to allow midwives to ensure that newborn babies were being fed and cared for correctly and the Childrens Act of 1908, which was designed to keep orphans out of prisons and set up childrens homes for them. By focusing primarily on the health of children, they were working to improve the health of the next generation, thus ensuring a steady supply of fit and healthy individuals who could be called upon to defend the nation, if necessary. The Labour Exchange Act of 1909 and the National Insurance Act of 1911. were the first that the nation had seen that tried to tackle the problem of unemployment and ill health. The Labour Exchange Act sought to bring together those people who were looking for work with those who needed workers. The National Insurance Act was split into two stages, firstly giving people a right to medical treatment and sick pay in return for a payment each week out of their wages, and secondly giving people the right to unemployment pay for up worker before claiming it. There are differing theories about the effectiveness of hese reforms in improving the health of the population at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. What cannot be denied, however, is that the death rate fell in this period, from 22. 6 deaths per 1000 in England and Wales in 1860 to only 14. 4 per 1000 by 1905 (Gascoigne, S, 2012) Thomas McKeown, in his book the Modern Rise in Population (1976) looked at the detailed death records that were kept for Britain at the time of the reforms to assess their effect on the recorded deaths. He concluded, after extensive research, that the improvements to he nations health during the period 1850-1914 was as a result of a steady rise in living standards and the associated rise in average nutritional intake (McKeown, 1976) which was a secondary result of the reforms as people were able to support themselves whilst out of work and were able to move quickly from Job to Job, no longer subject to the fluctuations of business which may have previously led to a dependency on a poor law that could no longer support them. The dark shadow of the Malthusian philosophy has passed away, and no view of the ultimate scheme of things would now be accepted under which multitudes of men and women are oomed by inevitable law to struggle for existence so severe as necessarily to cripple or destroy the higher parts of their nature. (Dorling, D, 2002) McKeowns conclusions were questioned by Simon Szreter who wished to discover if the link between the death rate falling and the public health r eform was solely due to the better diet and living standards that were available, or it there was another cause. Szreter started out by analysing the relationship between diseases, with particular attention to the fact that once infected with a disease a person is more susceptible to catching other iseases. Szreter also suggests that it may be a case of the statistics being misreported that led to the reduction, as opposed to the medical and sociological advances that were occurring. In conclusion, there were many factors that that led to the development of public health reforms during the 19th Century; of these the most prominent were the rapid influx of people into the cities and towns leading to the rapid development of often unsuitable living arrangements, a polluted water supply, inadequate drainage and waste disposal; all of which contributed to the high levels f squalor experienced by those who lived there. This in turn led to outbreaks of diseases, which worried the government as diseases such as cholera seemed to infect regardless of class. The threat from disease combined with the lack of suitable soldiers to protect Britains empire from emerging states such as Germany spurred the Government into action and brought about the public health reforms in the 19th Century. The effectiveness of these reforms is still under debate, with academics trying to establish what was the primary reason for the death rate falling between 860 and 1905; the debate appears to be between those who believe it was the advances in medical knowledge of nutrition, cleanliness and the causes and treatment of disease and those who believe it was the public health reforms that were introduced because of the pressing need for intervention to prevent the poorest people becoming to enfeebled to work, thus becoming a load on the poor law. The reason that the health of the population increased into the early 20th Century seems to be a combination of public health reform and rapid increase in have a welfare state and NHS which are the em. y of the world.

The Millennium Dome Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

The Millennium Dome Project - Research Paper Example Blair was trying to rescue the Millennium Dome, which, far from being the built representation of his reforming, forward-looking, government – â€Å"Cool Britannia† replacing â€Å"Rule Britannia† (that looked back to the time of the British Empire) – was rapidly becoming a political and financial scandal. That very evening was a disaster: thousands of guests were still stuck in lines at security checkpoints at Stratford Tube Station when the midnight hour struck and for those who made it to the Dome the champagne ran out!† It was built on a 300-acre land overlooking the River Thames. The Dome measures 320 meters in diameter, and reaches a height of 50 meters at its center; it was created to lure tourists to London. The costs for the Dome reached 758 million pounds (or more than $1.2 billion). The Dome was destined to be a failure. It carried the slogan â€Å"Time to make a difference†, which was heavily criticized by the press, and the citizens of London were asking, â€Å"What difference will it make?† Many however were looking forward to its opening for it certainly was making history. It was designed to attract tourists to London, help regenerate the depressed Greenwich borough provide a showcase for UK designs and companies and reinforce London’s image as a dynamic international city. (Swarbrooke, 2002, p. 345) At the time of the Dome project, there were many other similar projects envisioned and already started by the Government as an outcome of the global economic and cultural changes. In the post-industrial city, economic survival depends upon growth in the service sector. (Thornley, 2000, p. 689) The Millennium Commission was set up to decide the allocation and announced on 28 July 1996 that the Dome would take place on the Greenwich peninsula in London. The big bulk of the money came from the National Lottery when Prime Minister John Major and his Conservative Party decided to open it for a year’s exhibition, after which it had to be sold to  any interested private bidder.

Writing Assignment 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Writing Assignment 8 - Essay Example During all my research I failed to locate any negative reports that indicated abuse of the system or felt it was unworkable. I took the further step of contacting maintenance to get an estimate of plans, expense and materials. These are included in the report. They have assured me that it will be a simple task to transform an existing office into a Quiet Room. I have also contacted Human Resources and they are evaluating the project to assure it has proper oversight. Interviews with employees and the questionnaires that were returned indicate a highly favorable reaction to a Quiet Room. Though there was a healthy amount of skepticism, I think the report will alleviate any lasting concerns when the value of the program is understood. The construction of a Quiet Room will certainly aid in creating a more dedicated and productive workforce. Again, thank you for allowing me the opportunity to explore this very valuable project. I feel the time was well spent and I look forward to getting the reaction of senior management. I would be glad to follow up any further issues or questions that may arise in the future with regards to this project. This report outlines the risk to health and well being we expose our employees to by creating a culture of sleepiness and perpetuating the fear of proper rest. It points out the benefits that are gained when workers feel free to get the necessary rest and relaxation they need while at the job. It proposes the construction of a Quiet Room where employees can take a quiet break away from their duties in the course of their workday. Health and psychologists have pointed out the need for proper rest and adequate sleep. The cost to companies in absenteeism, accidents, and lost productivity is enormous. Researchers have also found a correlation between short naps and marked improvement in alertness and mental ability. Resting quietly during the day can aid our physical health as well as our mental

Economic conditions Essay Example for Free

Economic conditions Essay In this essay I’m going to argue that social, political, or economic conditions cannot alter the nature and meaning of art, with specific reference to works of art from Baroque and Rococo epochs. Evaluating a work of art is always a complicated task. Since the perception of art and beauty is highly subjective, it’s hard to think of universal criteria to measure artistic qualities of a certain piece. However, there is a broad consensus among the critics that there are certain criteria they apply when judging an art work. It’s possible to focus on four main criteria to judge an art work. First and foremost, the piece should be aesthetically pleasing, i. e. correspond to the all-common notion of beauty. It should be harmonious and evoking positive, elevated feelings. While there is a trend among some contemporary artists to make their pieces arouse indignation and disgust with a view to delivering a certain message or merely astonishing the public, I strongly deem that art and aesthetics are inherently linked. For instance, a typical example of baroque sculpture St. Theresa in Ecstasy of the church of Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome created by Bernini is perfect in its form, since it captures the beauty and harmony together with motion and energy. Same is true about Rococo sculpture: looking at ‘Amour menacant’ created by Etienne Maurice Falconet, it’s impossible not to admire the high degree of sophistication and perfection the statue of the little angel embodies. The second criterion I’m going to use is quality of workmanship, i. e. the mastery of artists’ skills. Another criterion which is very important is the uniqueness of artists’ manner. Great artists stand out for the peculiarity of their individual style. Some of them prefer to pioneer new forms and techniques, yet this is not a prerequisite for creating a style of your own. Many talented artists don’t break away from the tradition but simply find their own niche within the existing patterns of expression. While some artists of the Baroque and Rococo epoch were considered rebellious, e. g. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, they didn’t violate basic rules of harmonious and aesthetically pleasing artistic expression. Jean-Honore Fragonard’s manner was also innovative in many instances, sine he introduced a delicate interplay of light and shadow as well as implicit eroticism into mainstream French painting, however he adhered to the generally accepted notion of what beauty and art are. Finally, the forth criterion is the message the piece is trying to send. Here it’s necessary to take into account the importance and relevance of the message as well as how successful the piece is in delivering it. Baroque and Rococo painters mainly focused on the depiction of mythological and religious scenes as well as the scenes from the daily life of the upper circles of society. While both themes that dominated the artistic discourse might seem to be detached from the real life, they served an important goal of educating the public about mythological and religious narratives or captured the spirit of their times through the portrayal of the privileged members of society The most persuasive proof of the thesis that social, political, or economic conditions cannot alter the nature and meaning of art is the fact that nowadays we still admire great works of art irrespective of the epoch they belong to.

Interpersonal Conflict Essay -- essays research papers fc

Interpersonal Project   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My friends and I play poker on a regular basis. One of my friends, let’s call him Tim, constantly plays bad hands and often catches lucky breaks. Tim and I have been friends since middle school, but one night we got into a very big argument which almost became physical.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In one particular hand, Tim made what was in my opinion a horribly bad call. Ask most poker players and they will tell you that they would have folded in this situation. Nonetheless, he got incredibly lucky and ended up knocking me out of the tournament. Having lost my money, I was extremely upset and I very angrily asked him why he called my raises. He gave a weak shrug, a half-smirk, and said something along the lines of â€Å"I thought I had you beat.† To me this came off as very sarcastic, and I took it offensively and started shouting at him. We exchanged verbal blows and the argument was fast becoming physical before our friends restrained us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this conflict, there was a great deal of missteps in communication, or â€Å"the process of creating and sharing meaning through the use of symbols† (Dobkin and Pace, 7), by both Tim and I, and the whole ordeal could have easily been avoided if either of us had used slightly better judgment. To begin with, I was the initiator, or â€Å"one who begins or advances the communication process by generating a message† (12), of communication and had I not said anything in the first place, this conflict would be nonexistent. Had I simply walked away and â€Å"cooled off† before speaking to Tim, I would have not been so offensive and the conversation would not have escalated to such dramatic extremes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I also made a few errors as an interpreter, or â€Å"one who perceives and attempts to understand a message† (12). I may have misinterpreted Tim’s nonverbal communication, or â€Å"messages expressed through symbols other than words† (14). I registered his smirk and the inflection in his voice as symbols, or â€Å"words, images, gestures, and expressions that we use to represent our thoughts† (9), of sarcasm and arrogance. This infuriated me, but I may have exaggerated his actions. The smirk may have just been a suppressed smile because he was happy to have gotten so lucky, and it is possible that I just imagined that sarcasm in his voice. Had I... ..., I wouldn’t have been so offensive in my reaction. Also, once I starting verbally assaulting Tim, he was very quick to do the same to me, which isn’t the best way to avoid a fight. Even though I was mostly at fault for this dispute, Tim could have done a few things differently to avoid this quarrel as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Major conflicts can arise from any situation, even over a simple hand of poker. Tim and I didn’t make the best decisions in our communication process, and we ended up at each other’s throats. Be that as it may, we eventually apologized to each other, and are still good friends. We still play poker together, although now we are a little more courteous if we win or lose a hand to each other. Even so, we should have used better judgment in this situation. There were a great deal of things each of us could have done in order to avoid this outburst of aggression, and yet we let our anger spill out and we ended up with the worst-case scenario. Works Cited Dobkins, Bethami A., and Roger C. Pace. Communication in a Changing World. New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  York: McGraw Hill, 2003.

Hard Times Essay

Mr Gradgrind says ‘ is it satisfactory to me†¦ to know that you do not come to the consideration of that question with the previous habits of mind, and habits of life, that belongs to many young women’ in reference to fancy and emotion when deciding whether to marry Mr Bounderby or not. Later on in the page we are told that Louisa was ‘ compelled to throw herself upon his breast and give him the pent-up confidences of her heart’. However this doesn’t happen because Mr Gradgrind fails to see it. This is because of the ‘artificial barriers’ that have been set up between him and his daughter and these barriers are primarily fact and his utilitarian views. It is a utilitarian view because he believes the decision should not be made based on the individual happiness of Louisa but on what will be best for everyone and therefore looking past her. It also is criticising Utilitarians and Mr Gradgrind through the use of dramatic irony in the sense that we see that Loo yearns to talk to her father but he doesn’t and we are criticising his inability to see it. The barriers being set up are metaphorical barriers he has put between himself and his daughter emotionally to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people. The barriers are themselves blocking out ‘subtle essences of humanity’ with reference to fancy. By saying that fancy is an essence of humanity in accompaniment with Gradgrind’s will to get rid of fact we see that Dickens is showing us that utilitarian principles strip us of these essences of humanity and therefore de-humanises us. Furthermore it is a very human ideal for a daughter to confide with her father or parent in general but here Louisa has been stripped of that showing us even more then de-humanising qualities of fact. Dickens then goes on to say that these subtle essences of humanity ‘will elude the utmost cunning of algebra until the last trumpet†¦ blow even algebra to wreck’ saying to us that fancy and emotion will always beat fact. The ‘last trumpet’ is judgement day so Dickens is saying that fancy will win until the end of eternity. This passage clearly shows Dickens preferences to emotion and how he feels it is superior although he does give fact some credit when he says ‘blow even algebra’ as if algebra is a tough subject to blow. Then dickens talks about how ‘with his†¦ utilitarian†¦ face he hardened her again’ telling us that utilitarianism is hardening Loo. First of all this builds sympathy for Loo because we were told earlier that Loo wanted to throw herself upon her father but she cant because of the barriers and is hardened again and secondly builds up our dislike for Gradgrind and utilitarianism more because of its hardening qualities.

McCarthyism’s Connection to Crucible Essay

During the 1940s to the 1950s, McCarthyism took its way, ruining innocent people lives through false the accusations of being affiliated in Communism. The innocent people that were accused and not found guilty couldn’t return back to their normal lives. One of the people that were trialed was Arthur Miller, author of The Crucible. Miller didn’t take this lightly and felt that something had to be done, so he wrote The Crucible connecting the McCarthy trials with the Salem witch trials. There were numerous relations of the Salem witch trials and McCarthyism, but there were three that stood out the most. During the McCarthy trials and Salem witch trials, innocent people endured the scare factor which brought out strange behavior, the accused couldn’t go back to their regular lives, and the accused had to endure the harsh interrogations. In The Crucible and during McCarthyism, it was prudent to go by the expectations that society presented or one may run the risk of having their reputation flawed. In The Crucible, Abigail and few other girls were discovered dancing in the woods by Rev. Parris. When Rev. Parris discovered this he couldn’t let it go, because during those times if you had time to dance then you had time to read the Bible. Innocent U.S. Government officials lost their jobs to be suspected of being Communist by McCarthy so he may move up the political ladder. During McCarthyism and Salem witch trials, the smallest evidence was used to make their accusations. In The Crucible and McCarthy trials, both include the faulty accusations and harsh interrogations that were placed on innocent citizens. During the time of McCarthyism, people lives were monitored by the government to reveal any unusual behaviors that may be considered Communist. Much of the evidence that was used was pulled out of someone’s file that may have been ten years old. In The Crucible, Proctor was thought of being affiliated with witchery for not coming to church in a couple of weeks. Proctor didn’t come because of his wife’s illness, but even this excuse wasn’t enough to get him in the clear completely. The wild accusations of the McCarthy trials and in The Crucible, created a stir within both societies that caused people to alter their lifestyles in hopes of not being noticed. The Red Scare of McCarthyism was focused in the government system and it stood for such a long time with support from people due to the anxiety of Communists being in the U.S. In The Crucible, nearly  one hundred people were trialed and found guilty of witchery in on year. Giles Corey accused his wife because she was reading a book other than the Bible. The anxiety of the fear that his wife may be a witch brought him to the court to plea his belief. The fear factor, strict expectations of society, and reputations being ruined were factors that made living during McCarthyism and the Salem witch trials nearly impossible to not become involved. Everyone during those times, presented a fear of the witch hunts that caused them to accuse people they have known for years, which kept these trials stable. No one could escape the witch hunts, and those whom did were lucky to not have had their lives ruined and banned from any jobs and spending time with your family. Both periods of time share the regret and unfortunate events that innocent people had to endure.

The Amish Essay

The Amish Essay The Amish Essay The Amish Jamila Davis Introductory t Anthropology 101 Justine Lemos November 11, 2012 The Amish It hasn’t been agreed unanimously where the Amish community is categorized in Christianity. However, most Amish consider themselves Anabaptist while some people view them as conservative Protestants. J Gordon Maelton, categories The Amish as part of European Free-Church Family, together with Brethren Quakers, Mennonites and other denominations.It is in the above understanding thatthis paper will discuss the origin, beliefs, and practices of The Amish. Background In the 16th century, Martin Luther, John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli separated from the Roman Catholic Church in Europe in what was termed as a protestant reformation. They promoted the concept of salvation through the grace of God, freedom of belief, removal of priests or any intermediary with God, integration with the church and state and absolute reliance on the Bible. Some religious reformers advocated for believers freedom to form free churches which were different from the organized state churches at the time. They also secluded themselves from secular activities including the state and formed autonomous religious groups that were similar to early Christian congregations. A Swiss Christian group led by FexixManz and Conrad Grebel recommended changes to the state protestant church but were rejected by the church head and Zurich City Council. The first Swiss Brethren Congregation was formed in Switzerland in 1525 CE and membership in to the believer’s church was through baptism. This was met with resistance by the Swiss state church and was considered a crime that saw many members go into exile and others executed by burning at the stake or by drowning. The acts by this congregation were regarded as unorthodox by the Roman Catholic Church but toleration of religion came later in Europe. The Brethren believed in the baptism of adults only which was in contrast with the normal practices at the time where baptism was for infants and new born. This saw the group nicknamed Anabaptist that means re-baptizer. The Anabaptists encouraged loose association of adults and self-governance of the church. They carried out their church services in homes rather than church buildings. In 1527 The Anabaptist leaders met at the Swiss German border in secret and developed a declaration of â€Å"Brotherly Union† now known as "Schleitheim Articles" that comprises of seven principles that are guidelines to the Brethren’s. They stipulated that: baptism be done after repentance and confession of faith in adult hood, members who misbehave be warned twice in private and the third time publicly infront of the congregation, only those baptized in adulthood to attend to the lords supper, seclusion from evil and violence in the world, leaders be of good character and be called shepherds, members not to hold public office or engage in civic affairs, and members were not to take oaths as their word was sufficient (Hostetler 1993). These principles are being used to date by the Swiss brethren and Amish to date. In 1534, some radicals in the movement who expected the world to end tried to create by force a theocracy in Munster, Germany. Genocide programs were organized by protestant groups under Luther and Calvin, the Roman Catholic Church and the Government. Hunters were hired in some city states to arrest the Anabaptist believers (Nolt S. 1992). Despite these persecutions their numbers still grew and they became a loosely organized Bible-oriented church (Melton J. 1991). In 1536, Memo Simons, a Dutch, left the Roman Catholic priesthood, after losing touch with their concentration of the Gospel message, forming the Mennonites. He became a leader of the Anabaptist movement in Holland bringing unification of the various diverse groups and based on the "Schleitheim Articles". In 1577, a religious tolerance policy was introduced in the country that provided freedom to practice religion

Are You About To Get Fired, Or Are You Just Paranoid 8 Ways to Tell

Are You About To Get Fired, Or Are You Just Paranoid 8 Ways to Tell It’s easy to think you might be on the chopping block, but sometimes you’re just jumping at shadows. How can you tell if you’re just being paranoid or if you really should be worried? Here are a few signs that your worry is justified. 1. You recently screwed up.A screw-up isn’t necessarily the harbinger of doom. But if you did have a big mistake in your recent past, that’s probably one thing to consider.2. You’ve been iced out.You suddenly find yourself no longer in the loop. You’re hearing about company news from people well below your pay grade. Not a great sign. And if your supervisor or mentor recently left the department? Even worse.3. No one will look at you.None of your colleagues are making eye contact. You’re being ignored. People go out of their way not to cross you in the halls or meet you in the break room. And you find people seem to be whispering when they’re in your ear shot. You could just be a pariah, but it’s more likely that they know something you don’t know.4. There have been mergers and acquisitions.Your company just merged or got bought out. Layoffs are probably to be on the table at some point in the future. This doesn’t necessarily mean you’re going to be fired, but if it’s one of many of these symptoms, then you should probably start looking for another job.5. You’re being set up to fail.The last task you got assigned was actually impossible. Or maybe your responsibility has been completely curtailed. Either way, you can perceive that you’ve been fully written off.6. You’ve been downsized.Has your office just been moved somewhere pretty subpar? Or your cubicle split in half to accommodate another employee? They don’t value your space, they probably don’t value you all that much either. Or maybe your pay has just taken a cut- or been frozen.7. They’re hiring your replacement.You found a posting that matches your job description on a job search site or the company boards. That is†¦ well†¦ not a good sign.8. There’s a clear paper trail.Your boss doesn’t have any conversations with you now in either passing or about work. There’s always an email chain. As if they’re trying to cover their bases. Or perhaps your relationship is just getting weird. Either way, weird boss behavior is never a good sign.

Competitor Analysis Table Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Competitor Analysis Table - Essay Example Market Position Price 7. e-Zest Offshore software outsourcing company with expertise in outsourced product development and custom software development services through global software development model. Have offices in UK, USA, and India. e-Zest offers its services to ISVs/IT services, Healthcare, Finance, Manufacturing, Legal, Education, Sports, HR & Travel business verticals. e-Zest have dedicated Microsoft , Sun & Open Source Competency Centers which focus on solutions and services on based Microsoft .NET (2.0/3.0), Sun Java EE (2.0/5.0) & LAMP respectively NA 8. OOCI Based in Gujarat, India it provides various services like Web Designing, web Development, Software Development, Offshore Development, Yahoo Store Designing, Web Promotion, Multimedia Solution etc. Customized solution, Microsoft solution Technology (ASP.Net, VB.Net) NA S.No Competitor Name History and Size Summary of Services Market Position Price 9. Congruent Info-Tech Founded in 2000 as an offshore development center for Congruent Software Inc., headquartered in the United States. It supports Microsoft Dynamics (formerly Microsoft Business Solutions) products. Microsoft Dynamics Partners and clients for projects involving Microsoft Navision, Microsoft Solomon, Microsoft Great Plains, Microsoft CRM, and . Net. Congruent specializes in providing professional software development to independent solution vendors NA 10. Moga Services A privately owned company offering IT Consulting, Offshore Software Development services and IT staffing to various clients in the U.S. and Europe since 2001. Microsoft Dynamics CRM Microsoft Small Business Financials Microsoft Dynamics GP NA S.No Competitor Name History and Size Summary of Services Market Position Price 11. Benchmark Offshore...Become more agile, scaleable to match the size of the organization, Scalable and customizable. In December 2004, we launched eBECS Enterprise Distribution Call Centre Management (eDCCM), providing a truly integrated solution for companies that need seamless support through call centre to warehousing, logistics and distribution. Our first customer JJ Food Services achieved a phenomenal return on their investment using eDCCM and we are now rolling the solution out to our network of trusted partners around the world. In 2006, JJ Food Services as the first customer of eDCCM won the British Computer Society award for Best ERP Solution against such names as Car Phone Warehouse and ITV. In the same year eBECS was acclaimed as one of Britain's fastest growing tech companies in The Sunday Times Microsoft Tech Track.

Critique of a given research article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critique of a given research article - Essay Example He evaluated the motivation of first year junior high learners in Indonesia in learning English. The researcher intended to conduct a longitudinal evaluation extending for two years. He attempted to identify changes in motivation and what learners do in and out of class (Lamb 2003, p. 5-6). To do this the researcher combined survey questionnaire with semi-structured interviews. The focal group comprised of 12 individuals. The researcher, additionally, interacted with the learners to obtain qualitative data (Lamb 2003, p. 6-7). Lamb finally concluded that as English becomes adopted by many people, its learning becomes allied to conformity to globalization. Hence the motivation to learn it is dependent on identification. The extensive consultation of up to date literature enables him to evaluate relevant facets of the question. The use of focus group was prudent in finding a solution to conduction research in a multicultural context. Focus groups are an efficient qualitative method providing access to information unavailable without interactions. It provided an avenue to discover indigenous language in order to decipher the learners understanding of phrases used in the questionnaire. However, he fails to identify the variation of focus group employed. Additionally, the researcher did not highlight the guidelines utilized in the selection of members, raising the issue of external validity. Without a representative selection, the results may be invalid. The researcher identified the problems resulting from culture when administering a questionnaire in that they may not interpret the questions as intended by the researcher, he therefore responded to this by gathering qualitative data (Lamb 2003, p. 7). The interaction with the students helped increase the validity of the quantitative data collected through augmenting with qualitative data. From the responses on the liking of the learning of English, the

Quesions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quesions - Assignment Example The other type of leadership is bureaucratic leadership where the leaders follow the set rules and regulations rigorously and the same goes for their followers (Class Notes, 2015). This type of leadership is most common in organizations, government agencies and industries. The other type is the delegative leadership, also known as the Laissez-Faire type of leadership. The leaders who use this type of leadership do not offer any assistance to the followers and in most cases the followers are their own supervisors. The followers make their own decisions and carry-out their activities without too much supervision. Among these leadership styles, I believe that I am suited well as a democratic leader. For example, when I join study groups I tend to prefer it when everyone participates in solving the academic problems even though the teacher has the final say about solutions we get. I am aware that such type of leadership ensures that followers are motivated because they feel like they are part of the decision made. It also makes followers feel extremely important in a group or in organizations which results to increased commitment and work output or performance for students. The challenges are there because I know most followers under his type of leadership tend to be less productive than those who may be in an authoritarian group. The climate of a campus is critically important for the success of students (Gorton & Alston, 2011). By climate, this refers to a school environment that is like to foster the continuity and successful learning process. Hence, if the climate is favorable for students and teachers, learning becomes a continuous process and success is guaranteed when students and teachers do their best. For example, if there are riots in a school the teachers and students are not in a good position to undertake their tasks. Teachers cannot teach when students are rioting and students also hamper their learning process. There are

Intensive Family Based Services Essay Example for Free

Intensive Family Based Services Essay The study carried out by Raschick (1997) offered a keen input on how to create family preservation services and enhanced choice for families in opposition to out of home placements, stating that ‘the information proposed that IFBS (Intensive Family Based Services) services lessened average restrictiveness and extent of out-of-home placements. ’ Still, there are a number of researches that has very short-range, study-focused outcomes that has no long term assurance, picking out the direction that the three sides being argued in this paper is a part of the managing a cruel cycle which is neither stepladder arrangement nor cause and effect, only directed by conditions taking place on a case per case basis. While systematic Family Preservation Services (FPS) was associated vis-a-vis to the enrichment in substantiated reports relating to exploitation and out-of-home placements because of, as Littell imagines in Children and Youth Services Review, case-finding consequences given that FPS contact prioritized cases is considered as high-risk. , ‘the duration, extent, strength of family preservation services had small effect on succeeding youngster maltreatment, out-of-home placement, or the closing of cases’ (Littell, 1997). Extending the scope – is there more to out of home placements and its being used in juvenile delinquency reduction? Juvenile delinquency, as a problem, presents several courses of action which can be explored to combat juvenile delinquency, and two of the several options are sitting at both ends of the social order pole: family preservation efforts and out of home placements. It has a very tyrannical tone in it, as if the government is saying that ‘if you cannot stick together, we will pull you apart. ’ Some do not have a clear cut, black and white clarification on how to keep citizens from stepping within the gray part. Some claim ‘that family preservation agendas bring about substantial decline in the placement of children are based fundamentally on non-experimental studies’ (Littell, Schuerman, 1995), and this is just one of the many cynical or / and critical voices speaking out and representing the greater part of the social behavior discipline that needs a more clear cut answer on where each foot stands in the issue that has continued to threaten homes when it is not inquiring its reliability and firmness to stay together and work competently, contributing optimistically to the the community without the imposition of state- sanctioned procedures. Littell and Schuerman (1995) upped the stake with their disagreement, adding up the learning that ‘there is little solid attestation that programs planned at preventing out-of-home placements or reunifying families with the youth in foster care have the predictable outcomes. ’ Indeed, one of the pressing concerns that should be answered if there are hopes in being able to define what constitutes success and failure in out of home placement programs, juvenile delinquency programs and family preservation programs and how these three agendas are linked with each other (if not, then by designing allowing each to step on another’s foot on purpose) it should depend on the identification of the exact parameters that will dictate success or failure of any program, and the intended affects of each program should be clear to anyone and everyone involved so that the formulation of what was achieved should be in line with what the programs are designed to accomplish in the first place. â€Å"These conclusions do not inevitably mean that thorough family preservation services are weakening, but that researchers and practitioners must recognize that the purpose of services is to assist families attain basic goals and skills needed to keep a child at home, not to attempt to make major changes in family performance† (Wells, Whittington,1993). The trouble may also be intensified by the fact that actions taken by persons who are openly involved in the categorization of out of home placement, family preservation indicators and juvenile delinquency disregard the stipulated characteristics of each of the three areas of discussion and generating more gray and puzzling areas since there are no alternatives provided for or by researchers on how to enumerate or evaluate disparities from conventional behavioral patterns that makes the classification more complicated, success or failure of any of the three. This was the position of Wells and Whittington (1993) who stated that children who are not formally subjected to relationship or non-kinship out of home placements yet still travel from house to house disqualifies it as being measured as family preservation, noting how researchers, as a substitute, give importance on the constancy of a childs living arrangement; ‘if a child moves from home to home, but avoids placement, the researchers argue that this does not constitute family preservation’ (Wells, Whittington,1993) and adding that ‘out-of-home placement is an inadequate indicator of how well children and their families are functioning after discharge, because child placement may be a result of a large number of factors, like the child or familys mental health’ (Wells, Whittington,1993). Still, some study shows some positive signs from any one of the three interlinked areas. The study using the Emergency Family Care Program in Northern California to address the out of home placement problems of truly high-risk families yielded a result of ‘eighty-eight percent placement prevention rate found after one year (1985) of treatment’ (Berry, 1994). III. Quantitative and qualitative approaches – how each differ in impact in previous studies and in this paper’s objectives Different studies pertaining to out of home placements and juvenile delinquency cases take different routes, and while research designs, both quantitative and qualitative are unquestionably both generally accepted approach in which data is taken out from the focus groups and, it should also be put in proper perspective that both qualitative and quantitative study styles undoubtedly yield important when used in studying juvenile delinquency and out of home placement and other juvenile delinquency alternative solutions simply because either of the two can provide either a means by which crucial statistical information can be obtained or first hand individual sentiments are determined, sentiments, feelings or emotions that can represent a prevailing emotion residing in the realms of the issue this paper wishes to address. There are researches that provided quantitative output which can be key references in understanding the intricacies of the study focus. A very good example is the identification of Potocky and McDonald of the figures pertinent in determining which among the families with regards to number of children have a higher rate of sending the kids to foster care, pointing out that those with an average of 4. 8 children have higher chances of sending the children to foster care while those with an average 2. 6 children have a greater chance of staying together.

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Aim: To measure the amount of oxygen takes in by the maggots and peas with the help of a respirometer in the experiment. Introduction: Respiration is the process by which organic molecules are broken down in a series of stages to synthesize ATP. Respiratory quotient is a measure of the ratio between oxygen an organism takes in and carbon dioxide the organism eliminates. The use of a device called a respirometer is used to measure an organism’s respiratory quotient by measuring the gases the organism takes in and exhales. Metabolism is all the chemical processes that take place in living organisms for example breathing, circulating blood and controlling body temperature. Since the peas and maggots used in this experiment are living things, they could affect the result since they both expire aerobically and take part in metabolism. With respiration of carbohydrates, the food is then converted to carbohydrates usually hexose sugar before being respired. There is an oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy. Oxygen + glucose → Carbon dioxide + water + energy (in the form of ATP) When there is no use of oxygen it is anaerobic respiration and with usage of oxygen, this is aerobic respiration. In the presence of oxygen there are 4 stages namely glycolysis in the cytoplasm, link reaction and Krebs cycle in the matrix of the mitochondria and electron transport chain in the mitochondrial membranes. ATP is generated when H is lost and used to reduce coenzymes. The reduced Hydrogen carrier can be used to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation In the absence of oxygen the Krebs cycle and electron transport system cannot operate and only glycolysis takes place, which yields a two molecules for each g... ... in the sucrose solution contains carbohydrates. Food source would affect respiration, as each food source has a different energy values and respire in a different way. Appendices: This is calculated starting with obtaining the amount of carbon dioxide released by subtracting value b from value a. The respiratory quotient is then found by dividing the volume of carbon dioxide released over the volume of oxygen consumed Peas Maggots Mass (g) 5.60-3.93=1.67 5.06-4.00=1.06 Value (a) with KOH 3.50-2.00=1.50 4.25-2.50=1.75 Value (b) without KOH 3.75-3.75=0.00 3.50-3.00=0.50 Respiratory Quotient per unit 1.00 0.71 1) Volume of CO2 removed by peas is a-b (1.50-0)=1.50 RQ = (volume of carbon dioxide released)/(volume of oxygen consumed) RQ is 1.50/1.50=1 2) Volume of CO2 released by maggots is 1.75-0.50=1.25 With the RQ value is 1.25/1.75=0.71

Psychological Distress and Coping Strategies Among Transgenders Essay

â€Å"Why compare yourself with others? No one in the entire world can do a better job of being you than you†.1 Transgender is a general term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies to vary from culturally conventional gender roles. Transgender is the state of one’s â€Å"gender identity† (self-identification as woman, man, neither or both) not matching ones â€Å"assigned sex† (identification by others as male, female or intersex based on physical/genetic sex). A transgender individual may have characteristics that are normally associated with a particular gender, identify elsewhere on the traditional gender continuum, or exist outside of it as â€Å"other†, â€Å"agender†, â€Å"Genderqueer†, or â€Å"third gender†. Transgender people may also identify as bigender, or along several places on either the traditional transgender continuum, or the more encompassing continuums which have been developed in response to the significantly more detailed studies done in recent years. 2 ‘Transgender’ refers to a person, male or female, who dresses, acts or presents in a manner that differs from his or her gender norm. ‘Transgender’ includes transvestites (both fetish and dual-role), drag queens, drag kings, androgynes and genderqueers. It does not include transsexual people.3 The transgender community in India, known as hijras, number up to a million people and occupy a unique role in society. On the one hand, they are called upon to offer blessings during auspicious occasions like weddings and at births. The rest of the time, they are not only ignored but often ostracized from society.4 Transgender individuals are commonly viewed as a part of the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community, forming the commonly known acronym LGBT. However, inclusion of transgender individuals within the sexual orientation political movement, and at social or cultural gay/lesbian events is highly debated. This is due to the division of sexual orientation and gender identity, which, though correlated, are different constructs. Whereas sexual orientation refers to one’s emotional, romantic and sexual attraction to others, gender identity refers to the person’s relationship to their gender and is largely independent of orientation. It is important to make the distinction between sex and gender. Sex is biological and physical (e.g., chromosomes, hormones, gonads), while gender is psychologically and socially constructed. For transgender individuals, gender is not congruent with sex. In order to align sex and gender a transgender individual may or may not undergo medical treatment, such as hormones or surgery. 5 Psychological distress is the end result of factors–example, psychogenic pain, internal conflicts, and external stress that prevent a person from self-actualization and connecting with ‘significant others’6. Coping is the expending conscious effort to solve personal and interpersonal problems, and seeking to master, minimize or tolerate stress or conflict. Psychological coping mechanisms are commonly termed coping strategies or coping skills. The term coping generally refers to adaptive or constructive coping strategies, i.e., the strategies reduce stress levels. Furthermore, the term coping generally refers to reactive coping, i.e., the coping response follows the stressor. This contrasts with proactive coping, in which a coping response aims to head off a future stressor7. Brief Resume of Intended Work 6.1 NEED FOR STUDY The term transgender (TG) was popularized in the 1970s (but implied in the 1960) describing people who wanted to live cross-gender without sex reassignment surgery. In the 1980s the term was expanded to an umbrella term, and became popular as a means of uniting all those whose gender identity did not mesh with their gender assigned at birth. In the 1990s, the term took on a political dimension as an alliance covering all who have at some point not conformed to gender norms, and the term became used to question the validity of those norms or pursue equal rights and anti-discrimination legislation, leading to its widespread usage in the media, academic world and law. The term continues to evolve.2 The population of hijras in India is estimated to be between 50,000 and 1.2 million. There is a huge disparity in the numbers because population censuses only give space to define either males or females. There are no reliable statistics. Tamil Nadu in a path breaking move has come to recogni ze transgenders – (the term itself is no monolith as transgender is more of an umbrella term). 8 Most hijras live at the margins of society with very low status; the very word â€Å"hijra† is sometimes used in a derogatory manner. Few employment opportunities are available to hijras. Many get their income from performing at ceremonies, begging, or sex work—an occupation of eunuchs also recorded in premodern times. Violence against hijras, especially hijra sex workers, is often brutal, and occurs in public spaces, police stations, prisons, and their homes. As with transgender people in most of the world, they face extreme discrimination in health, housing, education, employment, immigration, law, and any bureaucracy that is unable to place them into male or female gender categories. 9 Discrimination has prevented most hijras from obtaining decent education, jobs and housing, say transgender and human rights activists. The vast majority live in slums and, with limited job opportunities, resort to sex work or begging. They weave in and out of Mumbai’s traffic or come onto the women’s compartments of local trains, clap loudly and take money in exchange for a blessing. While hijras continue to face discrimination, they have also made significant social and legal gains in recent years. Last July, the Delhi High Court decriminalized gay sex, and in November, transgenders won the right to be listed as â€Å"other† rather than â€Å"male† or â€Å"female† on electoral rolls and voter identity cards.4 Tamil Nadu has an estimated population of 30,000 transgender people. It has made great strides in trying to integrate transgender people into society. This includes welfare schemes initiated by the Government and acceptance of transgender people into the mainstream media and film industry.10 The Hijra of India are probably the most well known and populous third sex type in the modern world – Mumbai-based community health organisation The Humsafar Trust estimates there are between 5 and 6 million hijras in India. In different areas they are known as Aravani/Aruvani or Jogappa. Often (somewhat misleadingly) called eunuchs in English, they may be born intersex or apparently male, dress in feminine clothes and generally see themselves as neither men. In June 2009, the Supreme Court of Pakistan ordered a census of hijras, who number between 80,000 and 300,000 in Pakistan. In December 2009, Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, the Chief Justice of Pakistan, ordered that the National Database and Registration Authority issue national identity cards to members of the community showing their â€Å"distinct† gender. 11 In a national school climate survey on the school related experiences of our nation’s lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth, 55 percent of transgender youth report being physically attacked.33.2 percent of transgender youth have attempted suicide. 74 percent of transgender youth reported being sexually harassed at school, and 90 percent of transgender youth reported feeling unsafe at school because of their gender expression In a survey of 403 transgender people, 78 percent reported having been verbally harassed and 48 percent reported having been victims of assault, including assault with a weapon, sexual assault or rape. A study was found that bisexual students in Massachusetts and Vermont were three to six times more likely to use cocaine than their straight classmates.12 A study conducted on fifty-five transgender youth described their gender development and some of the stressful life experiences related to their gender identity and gender expression. More than two-thirds of youth reported past verbal abuse by their parents or peers related to their gender identity and nonconformity, and approximately one-fifth to one-third reported past physical abuse. The more gender non-conforming the youth were, the more abuse they reported. Four aspects of psychological resilience were examined: a sense of personal mastery, self-esteem, perceived social support, and emotion-oriented coping. A regression model of the selected aspects of resilience accounted for 40–55 percent of the variance in relation to depression, trauma symptoms, mental health symptoms, and internalizing and externalizing problems. Emotion-oriented coping was a significant predictor of negative mental health as determined by each of the mental health variables 13. A study conducted by GLSEN found that over 85 percent of trans students reported verbal harassment based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. Nearly half (49.5 percent) reported physical harassment based on these characteristics, and a third (34.1 percent) reported being physically assaulted. Transgender students get harassed much more often than their classmates: the study found that transgender students were over four times more likely to be verbally harassed because of their gender expression. The dramatically higher frequency of such victimization among transgender people is alarming, and as one would assume, has significant effects on a student’s ability to learn. 14 Psychiatric nurses are often in ideal position to assess the health and its problems and to offer education and support. Nurse needs to be knowledgeable about psychological distress and coping mechanism among Transgender people. When the nurse develops an effective plan for nursing management, she should consider family involvement, appropriate referral resources. The above studies highlight the psychological distress faced by the transgenders. As there is a dearth of research studies on transgenders in nursing, the researcher felt the need to contribute, explore and identify the psychological distress and coping strategies among transgenders. 6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE A study conducted on the fear of experiencing discrimination often provokes symptoms of psychological distress. One coping resource is positive identification with one’s social group–known as collective self-esteem. This preliminary study investigated whether collective self-esteem was related to fears regarding a transsexual identity and psychological distress among 53 self-identified male-to-female transsexuals (mean age = 50.79 years). Participants were recruited from transgender events held in Arizona and California. The majority (81 percent) reported living full-time as women (mean length of time living as a woman = 6.33 years). Negative feelings about the transsexual community and fears regarding the impact of a transsexual identity were positively related to psychological distress. A regression model revealed that the fear of how a transsexual identity would affect one’s life was the best predictor of the severity of psychological distress. These results a re consistent with findings from other historically marginalized groups, whereby the stress of being stigmatized by society adversely affects mental health. 15 A study used three focus groups to explore factors that affect the experiences of youth (ages 15 to 21) that identify as transgender. The focus groups were designed to probe transgender youths’ experiences of vulnerability in the areas of health and mental health. This involved their exposure to risks, discrimination, marginalization, and their access to supportive resources. Three themes emerged from an analysis of the groups’ conversations. The themes centered on gender identity and gender presentation, sexuality and sexual orientation, and vulnerability and health issues. Most youth reported feeling they were transgender at puberty, and they experienced negative reactions to their gender atypical behaviors, as well as confusion between their gender identity and sexual orientation. Youth noted four problems related to their vulnerability in health-related areas: the lack of safe environments, poor access to physical health services, inadequate resources to address their mental health concerns, and a lack of continuity of care giving by their families and communities16. A study conducted on the sexual minority status is a key risk factor for suicide among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth; however, it has not been studied among transgender youth. Fifty-five transgender youth reported on their life-threatening behaviours. Nearly half of the sample reported having seriously thought about taking their lives and one quarter reported suicide attempts. Factors significantly related to having made a suicide attempt included suicidal ideation related to transgender identity; experiences of past parental verbal and physical abuse; and lower body esteem, especially weight satisfaction and thoughts of how others evaluate the youths’ bodies. Sexual minority status is a key risk factor for life-threatening behaviours among transgender youth.17 A recent study undertaken to understand the level of General wellbeing of Male-to-female (MTF) Transgender population living in Chennai shed light on the mental health concerns of the transgender population in Chennai. The study consisted of transgender (n=33), and that had been selected for the study by using Purposive sampling technique because it was a challenge to collect data from the population, given their obscurity. A standardized Tamil version of the Wellbeing Questionnaire-12 was used. As for the results of the quantitative data, 75.76 percent of the samples fell under Average Wellbeing Category, 24.24 percent of samples fell under Better Wellbeing Category and 0 percent fell under Poor Wellbeing Category. From the In-Depth Interviews it is inferred that the socio-economic status of Transgender is very poor, they feel inferior to others and are constantly humiliated and il l-treated by the society at large. However, support within the community is strong.18 A research study has documented the link between mental health disorders and discrimination. The coming-out process for an older LGBT person, who has lived most of his or her life in a hostile or intolerant environment, can induce significant stress and contribute to lower life satisfaction and self-esteem. Managing social stressors such as prejudice, stigmatization, violence, and internalized homophobia over long periods of time results in higher risks of depression, suicide, risky behaviour, and substance abuse. LGBT populations, therefore, may be at increased risk for these and other mental disorders. There may be a higher lifetime prevalence of affective disorders in LGBT persons, but no difference in current prevalence of such disorders. However, while little is known about the actual prevalence of mental health disorders in LGBT adults, even less is known about the prevalence of mental health disorders in older LGBT adults. 19 A study examined the relationship between psychological well-being variables (i.e., depression, anxiety, and self-esteem) and level of outness in male-to-female (M t F) transsexuals. Participants were 105 M t F transsexual attendees at an annual transgender conference held in Atlanta, Georgia. Participants completed seven questionnaires, including the Demographics Questionnaire, the Outness Demographics Questionnaire, the Outness Attitude Scale, the Openness Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. A canonical correlation was conducted with psychological well-being variables as the predictor and the outness variables as the criterion. Results indicated that psychological well-being variables are related to outness. Treatment implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed. 20 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A study to assess the psychological distress and coping strategies among transgenders in a selected area, Bangalore. 6.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To assess the psychological distress among transgenders in a selected area, Bangalore. 2. To assess the coping strategies among transgenders in selected area, Bangalore. 3. To find out the relationship between psychological distress and coping strategies among transgenders in selected area, Bangalore. 4. To find out the association between the psychological distress and coping strategies among transgenders with selected demographic variables. 6.4 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS * ASSESS: In this study, assess refers to an organized and systematic way of finding out the psychological distress and coping strategies among transgender. * PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS: In this study, psychological distress refers to the failure of the people to respond adequately to mental, emotional, or physical demands which will be assessed by using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. * COPING STRATEGIES: In this study coping strategies refers to the mechanism that adapted by the transgenders to overcome the distress which will be assessed by using Coping Strategies Survey. * TRANSGENDER: In this study, transgender refers to people those are born with a particular gender but have the behaviour and characteristics of opposite gender. HYPOSTHESIS H1- There is a significant relationship between psychological distress and coping strategies. H2- There is significant association between psychological distresses with selected demographic variables. H3 – There is significant association between coping strategies with selected demographic variables. 6.5 ASSUMPTIONS * Transgenders adopt different coping strategies to overcome psychological distress. VARIABLES UNDER THE STUDY * Research variable: * Psychological distress * Coping strategies. * Demographic variable: Age, education, religion, marital status, cultural background, socio economic status, area of residence, past experiences. DELIMITATIONS: * The study is delimited to selected areas of Bangalore. * The study is limited to 100 samples. 7. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 7.1 SOURCE OF DATA The data will be collected from the transgender in selected areas in Bangalore. RESEARCH APPROACH: The investigator will use descriptive exploratory approach to conduct the study. RESEARCH DESIGN: The research design for the study will be descriptive survey design. RESEARCH SETTINGS: Study will be done in the selected NGO’s for transgenders in Bangalore. POPULATION: The target population for study is transgenders in selected area. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: Investigator is using purposive sampling technique to draw the samples. SAMPLE SIZE: The sample size will be 100 transgenders. SAMPLING CRITERIA: INCLUSION CRITERIA: * People who are willing to participate in this study. * People who know English and Kannada. * People present at the time of data collection. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: * People who are terminally ill or have critical illness. METHODS OF COLLECTING DATA Structured self reporting technique will be used to collect the data. Permission will be taken from samples and an informed consent will be obtained from the samples. 7.2 DATA COLLECTION TOOL * Part I – it consists of demographic variables like age, gender, education, socio-economic status, area of residence, past experiences. * Part II – the investigator will use Kessler Psychological Distress Scale for psychological distress and Coping Strategies Survey for assessing coping strategies. DATA ANALYSIS METHOD: * The data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. * Descriptive statistics like mean, frequency, percentages and standard deviation will be used. * Inferential statistics like â€Å"correlation co-efficient† and â€Å"chi- square† methods will be used. 7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION OR INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR OTHER HUMAN OR ANIMAL? IF SO PLEASE DESCRIBE BRIEFLY. * No, this is a descriptive study, it does not require any investigation to be conducted on patients or human or animals. 7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARENCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR INSTITUTION? * Yes, the ethical clearance certificate has been enclosed. 8. REFERENCES: 1. Available from: URL: http://thinkexist.com/search/searchquotation.asp?search=self+esteem 2. Gay and Lesbian Alliance against Defamation (online). 2010 May ( cited 2011 Feb 24); Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender 3. Available from: URL: http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070926024655AAZAbtB 4. Hanna Ingber Win. Global post. Transgender India: Banned in Bombay? (Online) 2010 April 10; 1(8). Available from: URL: http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/india/100409/india-transgender-scandal-banned-bombay 5. Kayden Z Healy. Internalized Transphobia, Minority Stress, and Collective Self-Esteem. June 2011 6. Available from: URL: http://medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/psychological+distress 7. Carver, Connor-Smith J. Personality and coping, Annual Review of Psychology. (2010). P. 61, 679 – 704. Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coping_(psychology) 8. Indian and Hijra (online). 2008 Nov 30 Available from: URL: http://shantanudutta.sulekha.com/blog/post/2008/11/indian-and-hijra.htm 9. Ravaging the Vulnerable: Abuses against Persons at High Risk of HIV Infection in Bangladesh (online). 2003 Aug: Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia) 10. Chennai: Move on toilets for transgenders sparks off debate (online). 2009 Jun 23: Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Tamil_Nadu 11. Ahmed M. Scalo Publishers (online). 2001 Sep 15: Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_gender 12. Available from: URL: http://www.youthprideri.org/Resources/Statistics/tabid/227/Default.aspx 13. Arnold H G, Anthony R D, John A F. Aspe cts of Psychological Resilience among Transgender Youth. Journal of LGBT Youth (serial online) 2011 (cited 2011 Apr 08); 8(2): (2y screens). Available from: URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19361653.2011.541347 14. Tonei Glavinic. Student plus online academic student journal. Research Shows Lack of Support for Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth in U.S. School Systems 2009 January 24; 1. 15. Sanchez, Francisco J, Vilain, Eric. Journal of Counseling Psychology. Collective self-esteem as a coping resource for male-to-female transsexuals 2009 Jan; 56(1): 202-9. 16. Arnold H. G, Anthony R. D. Transgender Youth. Journal of Homosexuality (serial online) 2006 (cited 2008 oct 17); 51(1): (2y screens). Available from: URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J082v51n01_06 17. Arnold H. G, Anthony R. D. Transgender Youth. Life-Threatening Behaviors. 2010 Dec 18. Thilakaravi. Mental Health Concerns of Transgender Population Living in Chennai, South India – A Study. MeD INDIA Networking for health January 2011. 19. Mark J Simone, Jonathan. Appelbaum. Clinical gediatrics. Addressing the Needs of Older Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adults: 2011; 19(2) p.38-45. 20. Jeffrey D Strain, I Michael Shuff. Psychological Well-Being and Level of Outness in a Population of Male-to-Female Transsexual Women Attending a National Transgender Conference. International Journal of Transgenderis: 2010 oct-dec p. 230-240.